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Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga

श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोग • Chapter 17

18
Chapter Summary

Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga

Classifying faith, food, charity, austerity, and sacrifice into three modes: Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas.

Verse 1

अर्जुन उवाच | ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः | तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ||१७-१||

Meaning (Hindi)

अर्जुन बोले — हे कृष्ण! जो लोग शास्त्रविधि को छोड़कर श्रद्धा से पूजा करते हैं, उनकी निष्ठा का क्या स्वरूप है? क्या वह सात्त्विक है, राजसिक या तामसिक?

Meaning (English)

Arjuna said: O Krishna, those who set aside the rules of scripture but worship with faith — what is their condition? Is it Sattvic, Rajasic, or Tamasic?

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Verse 2

श्रीभगवानुवाच | त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा | सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ||१७-२||

Meaning (Hindi)

श्रीकृष्ण बोले — सभी मनुष्यों की स्वाभाविक श्रद्धा तीन प्रकार की होती है — सात्त्विक, राजसिक और तामसिक। इसे तुम मुझसे सुनो।

Meaning (English)

Krishna said: The natural faith of all embodied beings is of three kinds — Sattvic, Rajasic, and Tamasic. Listen and I will explain.

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Verse 3

सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत | श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ||१७-३||

Meaning (Hindi)

हे भारत! हर मनुष्य की श्रद्धा उसके स्वभाव के अनुरूप होती है। यह मनुष्य श्रद्धामय है — जैसी जिसकी श्रद्धा होती है, वह वैसा ही होता है।

Meaning (English)

O Arjuna, every person's faith is shaped by their inner nature. A person is made of their faith — whatever a person's faith is, that is what they are.

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Verse 4

यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः | प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ||१७-४||

Meaning (Hindi)

सात्त्विक लोग देवताओं की, राजसिक लोग यक्ष और राक्षसों की, और तामसिक लोग प्रेत और भूत-गणों की पूजा करते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Sattvic people worship the gods; Rajasic people worship yaksha spirits and demons; and Tamasic people worship ghosts and the spirits of the departed.

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Verse 5

अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः | दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ||१७-५||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो लोग शास्त्रविधि से रहित घोर तप करते हैं और दंभ, अहंकार, काम और आसक्ति से भरे हैं —

Meaning (English)

Those who perform harsh austerities not prescribed by scripture, driven by hypocrisy, ego, lust, and attachment —

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Verse 6

कर्षयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः | मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ||१७-६||

Meaning (Hindi)

ऐसे अविवेकी लोग शरीर में स्थित पांचों तत्त्वों और अंतर्यामी को भी कष्ट देते हैं — उन्हें आसुरी निश्चय वाले जानो।

Meaning (English)

— who torture the elements in the body and thus also torture Me, the Supreme Self dwelling within — know such senseless people to be of demoniacal nature.

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Verse 7

आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः | यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ||१७-७||

Meaning (Hindi)

सभी को प्रिय लगने वाला भोजन भी तीन प्रकार का होता है; उसी तरह यज्ञ, तप और दान भी तीन प्रकार के होते हैं। उनका भेद मुझसे सुनो।

Meaning (English)

The food that each person loves is also of three kinds — as is their preferred sacrifice, austerity, and charity. Hear the difference between them.

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Verse 8

आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः | रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ||१७-८||

Meaning (Hindi)

आयु, सत्त्व, बल, आरोग्य, सुख और प्रसन्नता बढ़ाने वाले, रसदार, चिकने, ठोस और मन को तृप्त करने वाले आहार सात्त्विक लोगों को प्रिय होते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Foods that increase life, vitality, strength, health, happiness, and cheerfulness — that are juicy, smooth, nourishing, and pleasing to the heart — are loved by Sattvic people.

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Verse 9

कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः | आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ||१७-९||

Meaning (Hindi)

कड़वे, खट्टे, नमकीन, अति गरम, तीखे, रूखे और जलन उत्पन्न करने वाले आहार राजसिक लोगों को प्रिय होते हैं — ये दुःख, शोक और रोग उत्पन्न करते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Foods that are bitter, sour, salty, very hot, pungent, dry, and burning — causing pain, sorrow, and disease — are preferred by Rajasic people.

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Verse 10

यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् | उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ||१७-१०||

Meaning (Hindi)

अधपका, रसरहित, बदबूदार, बासी, जूठा और अपवित्र अन्न तामसिक लोगों को प्रिय होता है।

Meaning (English)

Food that is half-cooked, tasteless, foul-smelling, stale, leftover, and impure is preferred by Tamasic people.

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Verse 11

अफलाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते | यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ||१७-११||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो यज्ञ शास्त्रविधि के अनुसार किया जाता है और 'यह मेरा कर्तव्य है' — ऐसे भाव से, फल की इच्छा किए बिना, वह यज्ञ सात्त्विक है।

Meaning (English)

A sacrifice performed according to scripture, with the thought 'this is my duty,' and without any desire for reward — that sacrifice is Sattvic.

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Verse 12

अभिसन्धाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् | इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ||१७-१२||

Meaning (Hindi)

हे भरतश्रेष्ठ! जो यज्ञ दीखावे के लिए या फल की आशा से किया जाता है, उसे राजसिक यज्ञ जानो।

Meaning (English)

O Arjuna, the sacrifice that is performed for show or with the desire for a reward — know that to be Rajasic.

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Verse 13

विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् | श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ||१७-१३||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो यज्ञ शास्त्रविधि से रहित, अन्नदान रहित, बिना मंत्र, बिना दक्षिणा और बिना श्रद्धा के किया जाता है — उसे तामसिक यज्ञ कहते हैं।

Meaning (English)

A sacrifice that is done without following proper guidelines, without distribution of food, without mantras, without offerings, and without faith — that is called Tamasic.

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Verse 14

देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम् | ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ||१७-१४||

Meaning (Hindi)

देव, गुरु, विद्वान और ज्ञानी जनों का सत्कार, पवित्रता, सरलता, ब्रह्मचर्य और अहिंसा — इसे शरीर का तप कहते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Honoring the gods, elders, teachers, and the wise; purity, simplicity, celibacy, and non-violence — these are called the austerity of the body.

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Verse 15

अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् | स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ||१७-१५||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो वाणी किसी को तकलीफ न दे, जो सत्य, प्रिय और हितकारी हो, और जो वेद पाठ का अभ्यास हो — इसे वाणी का तप कहते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Speech that causes no distress to others, that is truthful, kind, and beneficial, along with regular study of scripture — this is called austerity of speech.

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Verse 16

मनः प्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः | भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ||१७-१६||

Meaning (Hindi)

मन की प्रसन्नता, सौम्यता, मौन, आत्मसंयम और अंतঃकरण की शुद्धि — इसे मन का तप कहते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-control, and purity of heart — these are called mental austerity.

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Verse 17

श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः | अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ||१७-१७||

Meaning (Hindi)

फल की इच्छा न रखते हुए, परम श्रद्धा से किए गए इस त्रिविध तप को सात्त्विक तप कहते हैं।

Meaning (English)

This threefold austerity, practiced with the highest faith by people who are steady and desire no reward, is called Sattvic.

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Verse 18

सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् | क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ||१७-१८||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो तप सत्कार, मान और पूजा पाने के लिए या केवल दिखावे के लिए किया जाता है — वह अनिश्चित और अस्थायी तप राजसिक कहलाता है।

Meaning (English)

Austerity that is practiced for gaining honor, respect, and admiration, or out of hypocrisy alone — that is called Rajasic; it is unstable and short-lived.

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Verse 19

मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः | परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ||१७-१९||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो तप मूढ़तावश खुद को पीड़ा देते हुए या दूसरों के नाश के लिए किया जाता है — वह तामसिक तप कहलाता है।

Meaning (English)

Austerity that is practiced out of foolish stubbornness, with self-torture, or to cause harm to others — that is called Tamasic.

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Verse 20

दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे | देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ||१७-२०||

Meaning (Hindi)

दान देना कर्तव्य है' — इस भाव से जो दान उचित देश-काल में योग्य पात्र को प्रत्युपकार की अपेक्षा किए बिना दिया जाए, वह दान सात्त्विक माना गया है।

Meaning (English)

The gift given with the feeling 'it is my duty to give' — given to a worthy person at the right place and time, with no expectation of anything in return — is considered Sattvic.

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Verse 21

यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः | दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ||१७-२१||

Meaning (Hindi)

और जो दान प्रत्युपकार या फल की आशा से, या कष्ट से दिया जाता है — वह दान राजसिक माना गया है।

Meaning (English)

And the gift given reluctantly, expecting something in return, or hoping for a reward — that is considered Rajasic.

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Verse 22

अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते | असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ||१७-२२||

Meaning (Hindi)

जो दान अयोग्य देश-काल में, कुपात्रों को, बिना सत्कार के या तिरस्कारपूर्वक दिया जाता है — वह तामसिक माना गया है।

Meaning (English)

The gift given at the wrong place and time, to an unworthy person, without respect, or with contempt — that is declared Tamasic.

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Verse 23

ॐतत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः | ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ||१७-२३||

Meaning (Hindi)

ओं तत् सत्' — यह ब्रह्म के तीन नाम हैं। इन्हीं से आदिकाल में ब्राह्मण, वेद और यज्ञ निर्मित हुए।

Meaning (English)

Om Tat Sat' — these are the three names of Brahman. From these, in ancient times, the Vedas, the knowers of Brahman, and all sacrifices were created.

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Verse 24

तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः | प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ||१७-२४||

Meaning (Hindi)

इसलिए ब्रह्म के ज्ञाता लोग 'ओं' का उच्चारण करके शास्त्रोक्त विधि से यज्ञ, दान और तप सदैव शुरू करते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Therefore, acts of sacrifice, charity, and austerity performed according to scripture by seekers of Brahman are always begun with the utterance of 'Om.'

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Verse 25

तदित्यनभिसन्धाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः | दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ||१७-२५||

Meaning (Hindi)

तत्' शब्द का उच्चारण करके, फल की इच्छा किए बिना, मुमुक्षु लोग यज्ञ, तप और दान के विविध कर्म करते हैं।

Meaning (English)

Uttering 'Tat' and desiring no fruit, seekers of liberation perform their various acts of sacrifice, austerity, and charity.

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Verse 26

सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रयुज्यते | प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ||१७-२६||

Meaning (Hindi)

हे पार्थ! 'सत्' शब्द सत्य भाव और साधु भाव के लिए प्रयुक्त होता है; और श्रेष्ठ कर्म के लिए भी 'सत्' शब्द प्रयुक्त होता है।

Meaning (English)

O Arjuna, the word 'Sat' is used to mean what is real and what is good. It is also used for any auspicious, worthy action.

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Verse 27

यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते | कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ||१७-२७||

Meaning (Hindi)

यज्ञ, तप और दान में दृढ़ स्थिति को भी 'सत्' कहते हैं, और उस परमात्मा के लिए किया गया कार्य भी 'सत्' ही कहलाता है।

Meaning (English)

Steadfast devotion in sacrifice, austerity, and charity is also called 'Sat'; and any action done for the sake of the Supreme is also called 'Sat.'

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Verse 28

अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् | असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ||१७-२८||

Meaning (Hindi)

हे पार्थ! जो यज्ञ, दान, तप और कोई भी कर्म श्रद्धारहित होकर किया जाता है, वह 'असत्' कहलाता है — वह न इस लोक में काम आता है और न मरने के बाद।

Meaning (English)

O Arjuna, whatever is sacrificed, given, or done as austerity without faith is called 'Asat' — it is of no benefit here in this life, nor in the life hereafter.

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